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- <text id=89TT0607>
- <title>
- Mar. 06, 1989: Watch Those Vegetables, Ma
- </title>
- <history>
- TIME--The Weekly Newsmagazine--1989
- Mar. 06, 1989 The Tower Fiasco
- </history>
- <article>
- <source>Time Magazine</source>
- <hdr>
- HEALTH, Page 57
- Watch Those Vegetables, Ma
- </hdr><body>
- <p>Pesticide-laden produce may endanger your tots
- </p>
- <p> For many parents, dinnertime is too often a series of
- exhausting skirmishes with small children who refuse to finish
- their spinach or salad. Invariably, the parental argument is:
- "Eat it. It's good for you." This week a new study charges that
- all too often what is on the plate or in the glass may not be
- good for you at all. In fact, reports the National Resources
- Defense Council (NRDC), an environmental group based in New
- York City, farm produce sold in U.S. supermarkets and
- greengroceries may contain so much pesticide that it poses a
- serious hazard to the health of the nation's 22 million
- preschoolers.
- </p>
- <p> The study, titled "Intolerable Risk: Pesticides in Our
- Children's Food," examines recent federal data on the eating
- habits of infants and youngsters through age five, along with
- figures on the amount of pesticides in 27 different crops. The
- information is then used to assess the long-term risk of cancer
- and neurological problems in these children. Eight of the
- pesticides are believed to be human carcinogens; all are used on
- fruits and vegetables frequently consumed by children, including
- peas, carrots, fruit juices and applesauce. Among the key
- findings:
- </p>
- <p> Youngsters receive four times as much exposure on average
- as adults to the eight carcinogenic pesticides evaluated. As
- many as 6,200 of today's preschoolers, the study predicts, may
- develop cancer sometime in their life as a result of
- pesticide-contaminated produce they consume as children.
- </p>
- <p> Daminozide (trade name: Alar), a chemical that is used
- chiefly on red apples and that penetrates the fruit's skin, is
- the greatest cancer hazard. The NRDC predicts that daminozide
- use may cause one case of cancer for every 4,200 preschoolers.
- Though the percentage of children affected -- 0.024% -- is
- minute, the risk is 240 times the standard considered
- acceptable by the Environmental Protection Agency -- one case
- of cancer per million.
- </p>
- <p> Exposure to four carcinogenic fungicides, including Captan
- and Mancozeb, may lead to one case of cancer per 33,000 to
- 160,000 children, two to seven times the allowable risk.
- </p>
- <p> At least 3 million youngsters are exposed to unsafe levels
- of organophosphate insecticides that may cause neurological
- damage. Among the crops treated by these chemicals are
- tomatoes, green beans and cucumbers.
- </p>
- <p> The NRDC report goes on to charge that the Government is
- failing to protect youngsters adequately from such dangers. It
- points out that current legal limits for pesticide residues, set
- by the EPA, are based on the consumption patterns and physiology
- of adults. Children eat a great deal more food for their body
- weight than adults. They also consume more fruit, which makes
- up an estimated 34% of preschoolers' diets, in contrast to 20%
- for adults'. Youngsters eat six times as many grapes, seven
- times as many apples and seven times as much applesauce as their
- parents. The typical preschooler drinks 18 times as much apple
- juice as the average woman. Thus the child's ingestion of
- pesticides is likely to be greater.
- </p>
- <p> Children may also be more vulnerable than adults to
- pesticides because their bodies are still maturing. Cells are
- rapidly dividing, and organs, like the liver, may not be as
- efficient in removing toxic chemicals. "We must revise all
- existing tolerances and set the levels for children," says
- Janet Hathaway, the NRDC's chief lobbyist in Washington. "We
- should be able to eat food without worrying that we are sowing
- the seeds of cancer."
- </p>
- <p> Not everyone believes that pesticides are as serious a
- threat as the NRDC claims. Professor Bruce Ames, head of the
- biochemistry department at the University of California,
- Berkeley, labels the NRDC's alarms "wild." Says he: "They are
- piling one worst-case scenario on top of another." Moreover,
- Ames points out, plants produce their own poisons to ward off
- pests. "The proportion of positive cancer tests is about as
- high for natural pesticides as for synthetic pesticides, and we
- are eating 10,000 times more of the natural ones," he notes.
- The NRDC insists that its risk estimates are conservative. They
- do not, for instance, take into account pesticides in milk or
- water.
- </p>
- <p> Many agree with the NRDC's basic contention that
- pesticide-residue limits need to be tightened. Says Dr. Richard
- Jackson, a member of a panel of the National Academy of
- Sciences, which is examining this issue at the EPA's request:
- "The food tolerances are set on good agricultural practices.
- The Government does not adequately address the impact of
- pesticides on children." The baby-food companies have already
- got the message. Gerber and Beech-Nut, for example, do not use
- Alar-treated apples in their products, and pesticide residues on
- the crops they accept for processing into baby foods are much
- lower than federal limits.
- </p>
- <p> Under mounting pressure, the EPA has begun to take action.
- Last month the agency announced its intention to ban the use of
- daminozide by next winter and said that it was barring use of
- the fungicide captan on 42 crops. Some find the Government's
- response too slow. California's Democratic Representative Henry
- Waxman and Massachusetts' Democratic Senator Edward Kennedy
- plan to introduce federal legislation that would force the EPA
- to act quickly to remove dangerous pesticides from the food
- supply.
- </p>
- <p> In the meantime, what is a worried parent to do? Jackson
- counsels caution but still recommends that children get a steady
- diet of fresh fruits and vegetables, organically grown if
- possible. And he warns people not to let their fears push them
- into food foolishness. "I wouldn't want parents to go back to
- Big Macs," he says, "because they're concerned about the
- broccoli."
- </p>
-
- </body></article>
- </text>
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